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          <h1 class="post-title" itemprop="name headline">Linux下邮件系统的搭建</h1>
        

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        <p>前端时间尝试了下自己搭建邮件系统，遇到了很多难点，主要是不了解邮件系统，如果你和一样不了解邮件系统，你可以先看下我的另一篇文章《<a href="/技巧/2016/08/18/邮箱系统的新认识.html">邮箱系统的新认识</a>》，相信在看完后再去搭建就会很明确。那假如你已经了解了邮箱系统，于是你可以继续往下看。</p>
<h3 id="步骤1-申请域名及添加MX记录"><a href="#步骤1-申请域名及添加MX记录" class="headerlink" title="步骤1 - 申请域名及添加MX记录"></a>步骤1 - 申请域名及添加MX记录</h3><p>这里就不多说，可以去Google，这里贴下我的解析配置，我的域名是smallmuou.xyz</p>
<table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th>记录类型</th>
<th>主机记录</th>
<th>记录值</th>
<th>MX优先级</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>A</td>
<td>mail</td>
<td>xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>MX</td>
<td>@</td>
<td>mail.smallmuou.xyz</td>
<td>10</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>A</td>
<td>@</td>
<td>xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<h3 id="步骤2-修改FQDN为邮件域名"><a href="#步骤2-修改FQDN为邮件域名" class="headerlink" title="步骤2 - 修改FQDN为邮件域名"></a>步骤2 - 修改FQDN为邮件域名</h3><p>可以去Google，贴下我的结果</p>
<pre>
[root@mail ~]# hostname -f
mail.smallmuou.xyz
</pre>

<h3 id="步骤3-选择服务软件"><a href="#步骤3-选择服务软件" class="headerlink" title="步骤3 - 选择服务软件"></a>步骤3 - 选择服务软件</h3><p>这里需要SMTP和POP3/IMAP服务软件，别问我为何。</p>
<ul>
<li><p>针对SMTP，查了下有Sendmail、Postfix，其实很多系统已经预装了Sendmail，但考虑到最优性，这里选择Postfix；</p>
</li>
<li><p>针对POP3/IMAP服务，大家比较推荐的是Dovecot</p>
</li>
</ul>
<h3 id="步骤4-安装Postfix"><a href="#步骤4-安装Postfix" class="headerlink" title="步骤4 - 安装Postfix"></a>步骤4 - 安装Postfix</h3><p>请使用Linux系统自带安装工具安装，Debain的apt-get、Centos的yum</p>
<pre>
apt-get install postfix
或
yum install postfix
</pre>

<h3 id="步骤5-配置Postfix"><a href="#步骤5-配置Postfix" class="headerlink" title="步骤5 - 配置Postfix"></a>步骤5 - 配置Postfix</h3><pre>
vim /etc/postfix/main.cf


myhostname = mail.smallmuou.xyz
mydomain = smallmuou.xyz
myorigin = $mydomain
inet_interfaces = all
mydestination = $myhostname, localhost.$mydomain, localhost, $mydomain
home_mailbox = Maildir/

</pre>

<h3 id="步骤6-启动Postfix"><a href="#步骤6-启动Postfix" class="headerlink" title="步骤6 - 启动Postfix"></a>步骤6 - 启动Postfix</h3><p>在启动前，可以先查看下25端口占用情况，如果端口被占用，将会导致无法启动</p>
<pre>
[root@mail ~]# lsof -i:25
COMMAND   PID USER   FD   TYPE    DEVICE SIZE/OFF NODE NAME
master  11093 root   12u  IPv4 430554452      0t0  TCP *:smtp (LISTEN)
</pre>
PS: 这里我已经启动了postfix，因此25端口是被占用


通过`service postfix start` 或`/etc/init.d/postfix start`启动postfix

### 步骤7 - 测试Postfix
搭建完服务必备的动作就是测试，这里可以通过telnet来测试

<pre>
telnet localhost 25
ehlo mail.smallmuou.xyz
mail from: root@smallmuou.xyz
rcpt to:root@smallmuou.xyz
data
subject:11212
test
</pre>
PS: <ctrl+d> 发送，可以通过`postqueue -p`查看发送队列，当然可以安装mailutils来简化发送流程

### 步骤8 - SMTP认证
<pre>
vim /usr/lib/sasl2/smtpd.conf
pwcheck_method: saslauthd
</pre>

<pre>
smtpd_sasl_auth_enable = yes
smtpd_sasl_local_domain = $myhostname
smtpd_sasl_security_options = noanonymous
smtpd_banner = $myhostname ESMTP "SMTP Auth Required."
broken_sasl_auth_clients = yes
smtpd_recipient_restrictions = permit_mynetworks,permit_sasl_authenticated,reject_unauth_destination,reject_rbl_client
smtpd_sasl_path = private/auth
smtpd_sasl_type = dovecot
</pre>

<p>PS: 启动saslauthd和postfix</p>
<h3 id="步骤9-安装Dovecot"><a href="#步骤9-安装Dovecot" class="headerlink" title="步骤9 - 安装Dovecot"></a>步骤9 - 安装Dovecot</h3><pre>
yum install dovecot
或
apt-get install dovecot
</pre>

<h3 id="步骤10-配置Dovecot"><a href="#步骤10-配置Dovecot" class="headerlink" title="步骤10 - 配置Dovecot"></a>步骤10 - 配置Dovecot</h3><pre>
vim /etc/dovecot/dovecot.conf


protocols = imap pop3 lmtp
listen = *
mail_location = maildir:~/Maildir
</pre>

<h3 id="步骤11-启动Dovecot"><a href="#步骤11-启动Dovecot" class="headerlink" title="步骤11 - 启动Dovecot"></a>步骤11 - 启动Dovecot</h3><p>通过<code>service dovecot start</code> 或<code>/etc/init.d/dovecot start</code>启动dovecot</p>
<p>启动后查看下端口信息，POP3默认端口是110，IMAP默认端口143</p>
<h3 id="步骤12-测试Dovecot"><a href="#步骤12-测试Dovecot" class="headerlink" title="步骤12 - 测试Dovecot"></a>步骤12 - 测试Dovecot</h3><ul>
<li>检测POP3服务</li>
</ul>
<pre>
[root@mail ~]# telnet localhost 110
Trying 127.0.0.1...
Connected to localhost.
Escape character is '^]'.
+OK Dovecot ready.
</pre>
PS：quit退出

* 检测IMAP服务
<pre>
[root@mail ~]# telnet localhost 143
Trying 127.0.0.1...
Connected to localhost.
Escape character is '^]'.
* OK [CAPABILITY IMAP4rev1 LITERAL+ SASL-IR LOGIN-REFERRALS ID ENABLE IDLE STARTTLS AUTH=PLAIN AUTH=LOGIN] Dovecot ready.
</pre>
PS：e logout退出

### 步骤13 - 新建用户

邮件用户对应的就是系统的用户，可以通过useradd添加用户

<pre>
useradd test
passwd test
</pre>

<h3 id="步骤14-客户端连接"><a href="#步骤14-客户端连接" class="headerlink" title="步骤14 - 客户端连接"></a>步骤14 - 客户端连接</h3><p>通过foxmail、outlook设置邮箱，其中认证部分需要用用户名+密码登录，<code>用户名不用带后缀</code>，否则会提示帐号密码错误</p>
<h3 id="步骤15-完成"><a href="#步骤15-完成" class="headerlink" title="步骤15 - 完成"></a>步骤15 - 完成</h3><p>以上是配置邮箱的所有步骤</p>
<h3 id="写在最后"><a href="#写在最后" class="headerlink" title="写在最后"></a>写在最后</h3><p><code>最最重要</code>：如果用户量、发送量、容量要求不大，可以使用第三方免费企业邮，如网易企业邮、腾讯企业邮，这样不用自己去维护. 上面只是邮件系统的简单版，还需要添加垃圾邮件机制、用户管理等.</p>
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